Design and manufacture of ethanol gas nanobiosensor based on the GO/PANI/SnO2 composite

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

/amnc.2018.7.26.2

Abstract

In this study, a nanobiosensor was fabricated for ethanol gas detection, and its electrochemical response to various concentrations of this gas was studied. In the first phase, in order to fabricate this nanobiosensor, the Graphene-Oxide/Polyaniline (GO/PANI) nano-composite was synthesized. Chemical composition, morphology and the structure of the nano-composites was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the synthesis of graphene oxide is done correctly and the polyaniline particles are well bonded on the surface of the graphene oxide sheets as physically and chemically. Owning to the formation of the correct graphene-oxide/polyaniline nano-composite the analyzes indicate that the formation of polyaniline polymer chains on the surface of graphene oxide has led to the deformation of graphene sheets, which are normally flattened and uniformed sheets into the form of non-flattened and non-uniformed sheets. In the second phase, the formed nano-composite was placed on silver coated electrodes and then, by placing the nanoparticles of tin oxide, the nanobiosensors were sensitive toward the ethanol gas. Through the amperometric experiments, responsiveness and sensitivity and selectivity of the nanobiosensors to each of ethanol, carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia gases were measured and the results showed that the sensitivity of nanobiosensor fabricated to detection of the ethanol gas is acceptable. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the nanobiosensors also have responded slightly to ammonia and methane.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Ahmad, H., M. Fan, and D. Hui, Graphene oxide incorporated functional materials: A review. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018. 145: p. 270-280.
[2] Amirov, R.R., et al., Chemistry of graphene oxide. Reactions with transition metal cations. Carbon, 2017. 116: p. 356-365.
[3] Park, J., et al., Characteristics tuning of graphene-oxide-based-graphene to various end-uses. Energy Storage Materials, 2018. 14: p. 8-21.
[4] Abdolrahim, M., et al., Development of optical biosensor technologies for cardiac troponin recognition. Anal Biochem, 2015. 485: p. 1-10.
[5] Abdorahim, M., et al., Nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors for cardiac troponin recognition: An illustrated review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016. 82: p. 337-347.
[6] Ghasemi, A., et al., Optical assays based on colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Analyst, 2018. 143(14): p. 3249-3283.
[7] Kharati, M., et al., Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis based on Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors: Comprehensive Perspective. Vol. 14. 2018.
[8] Naghib, S., M. Rabiee, and E. Omidinia, Electrochemical Biosensor for L-phenylalanine Based on a Gold Electrode Modified with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Chitosan. Vol. 9. 2014. 2341-2353.
[9] Rabiee, N., M. Safarkhani, and M. Rabiee, Ultra-sensitive electrochemical on-line determination of Clarithromycin based on Poly(L-Aspartic Acid)/Graphite Oxide/Pristine Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode. Asian Journal of Nanosciences and Materials, 2018. 1(Issue 2. pp. 52-103): p. 63-73.
[10] Lim, J.Y., et al., Recent trends in the synthesis of graphene and graphene oxide based nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals — A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018. 66: p. 29-44.
[11] Muzyka, R., et al., Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods. New Carbon Materials, 2017. 32(1): p. 15-20.
[12] Huang, Y.F. and C.W. Lin, Facile synthesis and morphology control of graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization process. Polymer, 2012. 53(13): p. 2574-2582.
[13] Park, S. and R.S. Ruoff, Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nature Nanotechnology, 2009. 4: p. 217.
[14] Wu, Y., et al., Tuning the Surface Properties of Graphene Oxide by Surface-Initiated Polymerization of Epoxides: An Efficient Method for Enhancing Gas Separation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017. 9(5): p. 4998-5005.
[15] Lawal, A.T., Progress in utilisation of graphene for electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2018. 106: p. 149-178.
[16] Chang, Y., et al., Reduced Graphene Oxide Mediated SnO2 Nanocrystals for Enhanced Gas-sensing Properties. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2013. 29(2): p. 157-160.
[17] Inyawilert, K., et al., Rapid ethanol sensor based on electrolytically-exfoliated graphene-loaded flame-made In-doped SnO2 composite film. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015. 209: p. 40-55.
[18] Zhang, D., et al., Characterization of a hybrid composite of SnO2 nanocrystal-decorated reduced graphene oxide for ppm-level ethanol gas sensing application. RSC Advances, 2015. 5(24): p. 18666-18672.
[19] Jiménez, P., et al., Carbon Nanotube Effect on Polyaniline Morphology in Water Dispersible Composites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010. 114(4): p. 1579-1585.
[20] Yoo, M.J. and H.B. Park, Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Properties of Graphene Oxide in Hummers Method. Carbon, 2018.
[21] Zaaba, N.I., et al., Synthesis of Graphene Oxide using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence. Procedia Engineering, 2017. 184: p. 469-477.
[22] Xu, G., et al., Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposite with Assistance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Supercapacitor Electrodes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012. 51(44): p. 14390-14398.
[23] Yan, X., et al., Fabrication of Free-Standing, Electrochemically Active, and Biocompatible Graphene Oxide-Polyaniline and Graphene-Polyaniline Hybrid Papers. Vol. 2. 2010. 2521-9.
[24] Mori, M., et al., Influence of VOC structures on sensing property of SmFeO3 semiconductive gas sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014. 202: p. 873-877.
[25] Zhu, B.L., et al., Improvement in gas sensitivity of ZnO thick film to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by adding TiO2. Materials Letters, 2004. 58(5): p. 624-629.
[26] Wang, C., et al., Metal Oxide Gas Sensor: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors. Vol. 10. 2010. 2088-106.
[27] Mohamadzadeh Moghadam, M.H., et al., Graphene oxide-induced polymerization and crystallization to produce highly conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composite. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2014. 52(11): p. 1545-1554.
[28] Rana, U. and S. Malik, Graphene oxide/polyaniline nanostructures: transformation of 2D sheet to 1D nanotube and in situ reduction. Chemical Communications, 2012. 48(88): p. 10862-10864.
[29] Xu, L.Q., et al., Reduction of graphene oxide by aniline with its concomitant oxidative polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2011. 32(8): p. 684-8.
[30] Bhanvase, B.A., M.A. Patel, and S.H. Sonawane, Kinetic properties of layer-by-layer assembled cerium zinc molybdate nanocontainers during corrosion inhibition. Corrosion Science, 2014. 88: p. 170-177.
[31] Chen, X. and B. Chen, Macroscopic and Spectroscopic Investigations of the Adsorption of Nitroaromatic Compounds on Graphene Oxide, Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Nanosheets. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015. 49(10): p. 6181-6189.
[32] Liu, F., et al., Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Nanostructure for Fast and Efficient Water-Soluble Dye Removal. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012. 4(2): p. 922-927.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics